COMMON COLD is an acute illness characterised by inflammation of the mucous membrane of nose and sometimes pharynx by a group of viruses lasting for few days.
Predisposing causes
Debilitating diseases, aggregation or overcrowding in public places, history of contacts-all play some part. After infection by the virus subsequent bacterial infection by pneumo, strepto and staphylococci may develop. In some 30% cases the causative agent cannot be found out.
Incubation Period 24-48 hours.
Onset is acute
Running from the nose, nasal obstruction, sneezing, sore throat, malaise, slight temperature, dryness of mouth, tiredness and cough may be present. Aches and pains all over the body may be seen. There may be feeling of irritation about the eyes which stops after development of obvious conjunctivitis. In Rhinovirus and coronavirus infections the above features are seen. When there is painful red eves from the beginning Adenovirus infection may be suspected. In Myxovirus infection fever and more persisting symptoms are present. These may disappear or may persist for a few days and on the height of this, bacterial infection develops. This leads to continuation of temperature and purulent discharge from the nose, headache and pain over the sinuses and ears due to infection. Pre-existent chronic lung diseases are aggravated.
Various tests for detecting antibodies may be done like Neutralisation, Hemagglutinin inhibition test, CFT, etc. ELISA is also used.
Good. Immunity is short-lasting, so second attack may occur any time.
Çommon analgesic drugs and vitamin C in heavy doses are usually given. Benzoin inhalation is also helpful. Nasal decongestants are beneficial. Paracetamol may be helpful in usual dose. In presence of bacterial infections antibiotics may be given.
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